Psoriasis

The exact cause of psoriasis is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to the immune system. In people with psoriasis, the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy skin cells, leading to an overproduction of skin cells. Several factors may contribute to the development of psoriasis, including:
Genetics: Family history plays a significant role. If a close family member has psoriasis, you may have a higher risk.
Immune System: A malfunction in the immune system can trigger psoriasis. Infections, stress, and certain medications can exacerbate the condition.
Environmental Factors: Exposure to certain environmental factors, such as cold and dry weather, can trigger psoriasis flare-ups.

Diagnosing psoriasis typically involves a physical examination by a healthcare professional, often a dermatologist. The diagnosis is based on the appearance of the skin, nails, and scalp. In some cases, a skin biopsy may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Key characteristics of psoriasis include:
Red Patches: Affected areas of the skin appear red and covered with silvery scales.
Itchiness: Psoriasis is often associated with itching and discomfort.
Nail Changes: Psoriasis can cause changes in the nails, such as pitting or thickening.
Scalp Involvement: In some cases, psoriasis affects the scalp, leading to dandruff-like flakes.
Joint Pain: In cases of psoriatic arthritis, joint pain and swelling are common.

The management of psoriasis typically involves a combination of lifestyle changes, topical treatments, phototherapy, and systemic medications, depending on the severity of the condition. Here are some common treatment options:
1. Topical Treatments:
Topical Steroids: These anti-inflammatory creams or ointments can help reduce redness and inflammation.
Vitamin D Analogs: These topical treatments slow down skin cell growth.
Topical Retinoids: These medications derived from vitamin A help to normalize skin cell production.
Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors: These creams or ointments reduce inflammation and immune system reactions.
2. Phototherapy:
UVB Phototherapy: Controlled exposure to UVB light can help slow skin cell growth.
PUVA Therapy: Psoralen combined with UVA light therapy can be an effective treatment.
3. Systemic Medications:
Oral or Injectable Medications: In severe cases, systemic medications that affect the entire immune system may be prescribed.
Biologics: These medications target specific parts of the immune system and can be effective for moderate to severe psoriasis.
4. Lifestyle Changes:
Moisturizing: Regularly applying moisturizers can help relieve dryness and itching.
Avoid Triggers: Identifying and avoiding triggers that worsen psoriasis can help manage the condition.
5. Complementary Therapies:
Aloe Vera: Applying aloe vera gel can soothe skin affected by psoriasis.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Some studies suggest that omega-3 supplements may help reduce inflammation.

While there is no known way to prevent psoriasis, certain lifestyle changes can help manage the condition and reduce the frequency and severity of flare-ups:
Manage Stress: Stress is a common trigger for psoriasis, so finding effective stress management techniques is essential.
Maintain a Healthy Diet: Some individuals find that a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables may help manage their condition.
Avoid Skin Trauma: Protect your skin from injuries and irritations, as they can trigger psoriasis.
Stay Hydrated: Adequate hydration can help prevent skin dryness and itching.

https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/psoriasis/